60 years of the 20th century, with the advent of ruby ​​laser, laser irradiation on the oral tissue caused by the great interest of oral scholars. In 1971, the laser was Weichman and Johnson used in the diagnosis and treatment of dental pulp disease, since the green laser pointer in the field of oral medical research and application of the curtain opened. With the improvement of fiber, laser in the diagnosis and treatment of dental pulp in the application is by leaps and bounds. The laser has the characteristics of good directivity, good monochromaticity, high density, high energy, small divergence, and light irradiation to biological tissues. It can produce photothermal effect, photochemical effect, photoelectromagnetism effect and biostimulation effect. In the treatment of oral diseases Can give full play to cutting, gasification, solidification, burning, light, pain and other functions.

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At present, the types of laser used for oral clinical are mainly erbium-doped yttrium-chromium-yttrium-gallium garnet laser (Er, Cr: YSGG), erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser pointer  (Er: YAG), semiconductor laser, pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum pomegranate Stone laser (Nd: YAG), carbon dioxide (CO2) laser and so on. Laser in the field of oral medicine research and application of an increasingly extensive, in-depth, has gradually become more mature.

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Nd: YAG laser is a kind of near-infrared light with the wavelength of 1.064 μm, the output power is up to 100 W, it has high absorption coefficient and strong penetrability. As pulsed Nd: YAG laser intermittent emission of light, greatly reducing the heat accumulation, so as to avoid the temperature is too high, reducing the risk of damage to adjacent tissue. Therefore, the pulsed Nd: YAG laser is more widely used than the continuous Nd: YAG high power laser pointer. The Er: YAG laser is a near-infrared laser with a wavelength of 2.94 μm and a wavelength of 2.95 μm. Therefore, when it is applied to the tissue, the moisture contained in the tissue irradiated by the laser can absorb a lot of heat, the local heating is not high, the heat damage to the tissue is very small; Since the advent of the CO2 laser in 1964, because of its high signal gain, The conversion efficiency of up to 20%, and about 10.6 μm of the specific mid-infrared laser wavelength, has been widely used in clinical.

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Er, Cr: YSGG laser, also known as water laser, is developed by the US company Biolase stomatology treatment system, in September 2002 by the US Food and Drug Administration certification, many scholars will be applied to the Department of Stomatology. Er, Cr: YSGG laser is characterized by low pain, minimally invasive, less bleeding, in recent years has become an important tool in oral clinical treatment. Er, Cr: YSGG laser has a wavelength of 2.78 μm, which is close to the water absorption peak (3.0 μm). Therefore, when the burning laser pointer energy is transmitted to the coaxial air-water mixture, the water mist and the hydroxyl group in the tissue can be activated to produce "micro Er, Cr: YSGG laser working principle is in the treatment of the front end of the atomization area to produce water mist particles, these water particles by the laser to give energy to become a super-capable work material, which carry the energy In the fiber from the top 1 ~ 2 mm in the reaction zone release, the volume of rapid expansion, in order to achieve the target tissue cutting, the role of the collapse, so as to effectively remove the hard and soft tissue.

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Semiconductor laser, also known as diode laser, near-infrared laser. In recent years, semiconductor laser instruments continue to shrink the size, transmission more flexible, small fiber can be fully adapted to smaller size and curved root canal, purchase and maintenance costs are low, and thus developed rapidly. The semiconductor laser is small in size, light in weight, low in cost and wavelength choice. Its clinical application covers other types of laser applications. It is mainly used in the detection and diagnosis and clinical treatment of measuring instruments, bar code readers, clinical specimens or tissues.

The use of 50mw laser pointer in oral therapy, on the basis of pain can be completely removed the smear layer and lesion, and will not lead to dental drill to produce high temperature, noise and micro-crack, so that physicians and patients feel more comfortable. Dentine hypersensitivity is due to the short, intense pain of stimulation of the cold, heat, acid, and sweetness of the dentin exposed to the oral cavity and can not be attributed to any other form of tooth defect or pathology. Erosion, physiological and pathological wear, gingival recession, periodontal therapy and anatomic factors may be a risk factor for dentin hypersensitivity. Dentin hypersensitivity, there are three main theories: nerve terminal conduction theory; dentin cell conduction theory; fluid dynamic theory. The common point is exposed dentinal tubules, therefore, the closure of exposed dentinal tubules small mouth is the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity is an important method.

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Root canal therapy is through mechanical, chemical methods to remove the root canal infection, disinfection of the root canal and root canal patency, and finally fill the root canal to seal the apical foramen. Bacteria and their products play an important role in the development and progression of pulp apical periodontitis. The purpose of root canal therapy is to remove pathogenic factors in root canal and promote the healing of periapical lesion. It has been reported that the overall success rate of root canal treatment of 85% to 90%, the main failure is due to persistent infection in the root canal, mainly by Enterococcus faecalis and other intractable pathogens caused. Laser-assisted root canal treatment can remove the smear layer within the root canal, 2000mw laser pointer fiber can be deep in the root canal or apical parts, with the help of high temperature laser can thoroughly remove the root canal residue, to dry, sterilization, cleaning effect .

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Laser due to its application of minimally invasive comfort, less pain, in the removal of hard tissue can reduce anesthesia or anesthesia, while not damage the pulp; laser removal of hard tissue basically no vibration, resulting in micro crack less rough surface is conducive to sticky , So it can be used as an ideal hard tissue removal tool for dentists. Laser due to its photodynamic effects and thermal effects, can more effectively clean the root canal and kill the bacteria in the root canal, in pulp therapy is an ideal auxiliary tool. With the continuous improvement of laser fiber, laser in the clinical application more and more common, the future can be used where the drill bit and scalpel, can be replaced by 5mw laser pointer, laser dental pulp disease in the treatment of the application will be more widely.

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